{"id":8852,"date":"2013-04-29T09:36:58","date_gmt":"2013-04-29T09:36:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/?p=8852"},"modified":"2013-05-09T08:52:37","modified_gmt":"2013-05-09T08:52:37","slug":"africa-by-numbers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/2013\/04\/africa-by-numbers\/","title":{"rendered":"Africa by numbers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Algeria<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Algiers<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/span>Head of State: President Abdelaziz Bouteflika<\/strong><\/p>\n

Head of Government : Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 3,580<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 2,382<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 15<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 7,097<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.7%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Oil and gas are the backbone of Algeria’s economy. But over-reliance on hydrocarbons and decades of authoritarian government, high military spending and resistance to inward investment, leaves Africa’s largest country with a narrow economic base and challenged by poverty, youth unemployment and economic unrest.<\/span><\/p>\n

Angola<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Luanda<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Jos\u00e9 Eduardo dos Santos<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Paulo Kassoma<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 19,618<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1,247<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 16<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 5,876<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 11%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Angola’s post-civil war boom, led by oil and diamond exports, and 17 percent annual growth, has recovered after stalling in 2008. But reliance on oil prices, failure to revive agriculture – pre-war Angola was the breadbasket of Southern Africa – and endemic corruption has left huge wealth disparity, poverty and deprivation. Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Dos Santos’ iconic, 34-year presidency goes on, despite resignation rumours.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Benin<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Porto-Novo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Yayi Boni<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Pascal Iren\u00e9e Koukpaki<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 9,100<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 115<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 79<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,646<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.5%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Squeezed on the west coast between Togo and Nigeria, Benin boasts political stability and strong civil institutions, despite underlying weaknesses in development and infrastructure. Cotton still accounts for 40 percent of GDP and 80 percent of exports. But, as population increases outstrip economic growth, Benin is targeting new foreign investment, tourism, agriculture, food processing and IT projects.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Botswana<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Gaborone<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Ian Khama<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 2,031<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 582<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 13,056<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.9%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Botswana, landlocked and dominated by the Kalahari Desert, has transformed itself from one of Africa’s poorest countries into a vital, middle-income economy, boasting high economic growth, stable government and financial institutions. Reliance on diamond mining – up to 80 percent of exports – is being countered by new development of tourism, financial services and agriculture.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Burkina Faso<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Ouagadougou<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Blaise Compaor\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Luc Adolphe Tiao<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 16,968<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 274<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 62<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,313<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 5.8%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Gold has established itself as Burkina Faso’s biggest source of export revenue, thanks to government policies of privatisation and legislation. But the 90 percent of Burkinabe dependent on subsistence agriculture are challenged by periodic droughts and increasingly high population density.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Burundi<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Bujumbura<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Pierre Nkurunziza<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 8,575<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 28<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 308<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 418<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.2%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

With 90 percent of the population engaged in agriculture and almost all foreign exchange earnings from coffee and tea, Burundi’s economic success remains intimately tied to the weather and international prices for its two main exports. The residues of 12 years of civil war, high poverty rates and a poor transportation network are the main challenges facing Burundi’s planned economic reforms.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Cameroon<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Yaounde<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Paul Biya<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Phil\u00e9mon Yang<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 20,030<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 476<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 42<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 2,450<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.2%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Nestled on the coast of western central Africa, Cameroon has enjoyed a stability that has permitted the exploitation of its modest oil resources and the development of agriculture under favourable agricultural conditions. Yet, Cameroon still struggles with stagnant per capita income, inequality, corruption, and one of the worst business environments in the world.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Cape Verde<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Praia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Jorge Carlos Fonseca<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Jos\u00e9 Maria Neves<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 501<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 124<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 4,789<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 6.1%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Cape Verde’s ten islands off the West African coast continue to endure cycles of long-term droughts, a poor natural resource base and – with expatriates outnumbering the domestic population – an economy heavily reliant on remittances. <\/span>Future prospects depend on development of tourism, remittances and progressing the government’s development plan.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Central African Republic<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Bangui<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Fran\u00e7ois Boziz\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 4,487<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 623<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 7<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 749<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 2%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The landlocked Central African Republic continues to be de-stabilised by rebel groups, and income distribution remains extraordinarily unequal. Timber and diamonds are top export earners, but the predominant agricultural economy remains undermined by the poor transportation system, largely unskilled work force and misdirected economic policies.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Chad<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: N’Djamena<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Idriss D\u00e9by<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Joseph Djimrangar Dadnadji<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 11,525<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1,284<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 2,155<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 10.1%<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Rich in gold, uranium and more recently discovered oil, Chad’s largely agricultural economy will be bolstered by foreign direct investments into the oil sector. Economic growth is, however, challenged by inadequate infrastructure, poor health and a below-par educational system due to three decades of civil war.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Comoros<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Moroni<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 754<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 337<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,149<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 1.8%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

After enduring more than 20 coups and attempted coups since gaining independence, the three Indian Ocean islands of Comoros remain one of the world’s poorest countries. With a predominantly agricultural economy, few natural resources, high unemployment and a government lacking a comprehensive strategy, meaningful change looks unlikely in the foreseeable future.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Republic of Congo<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Brazzaville<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Denis Sassou-Nguesso<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Isidore Mvouba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 4,140<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 342<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 12<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in U $): 4,712<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.9%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Plagued for decades by civil war and militia conflicts, the Republic of Congo will need new offshore oil finds to sustain growth of its mixed economy. Growing debt burden, chronic revenue revenue shortfalls and an uneasy internal peace undermine the current administration’s ability to reduce poverty and stimulate recovery.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Democratic Republic of Congo<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Kinshasa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Joseph Kabila<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Augustin Katumba Mwanke<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 67,758<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 2,345<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 29<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 352<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 6.1%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Vast in size and with immense potential wealth, Democratic Republic of Congo is slowly recovering from decades of decline caused by systemic corruption, instability and conflict. Renewed activity in the mining sector – the source of most export income – boosted growth to around seven percent in 2010 -2012.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4te d’Ivoire<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Yamoussoukro<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Alassane Dramane Ouattara<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Jeannot Ahoussou-Kouadio<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 20,153<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 322<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 62<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,686<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 0.7%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Despite the coups and political instability that characterise its recent political history, C\u00f4te d’Ivoire is rich by West African standards, thanks to cocoa, oil and coffee. But the economy remains heavily reliant on agriculture, as political turmoil undermines foreign investment and economic growth.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Djibouti<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Djibouti<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 906<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 23<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 39<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 2,427<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.1%<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Djibouti’s location at the mouth of the Red Sea is its greatest economic asset as an important transhipment port for East Africa, 70 percent of which originates in Ethiopia. French and US military bases should guarantee the foreign assistance upon which this largely barren country relies.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Egypt<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Cairo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Mohammed Morsi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Hesham Kandil<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 82,537<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 82<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 6,293<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.9%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Egypt remains dogged by post-Arab Spring political uncertainty and the fear of fiscal and balance of payments crises in 2013. Tourism, manufacturing and construction are the worst hit sub-sectors and broader economic growth is likely to remain slow for the next few years.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Equatorial Guinea<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Malabo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Obiang Nguema Mbasogo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ignacio Milam Tang<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 720<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 28<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 26<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 35,797<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 11.2%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The oil production boom made Equatorial Guinea one of the world’s fast-growing economies, but few of its people have seen their living standards improve. Ranked low in the UN human development Index, Equatorial Guinea’s paradox of plenty looks to be a tenacious curse.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Eritrea<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Asmara<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Isaias Afewerki<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 5,415<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 118<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 46<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 742<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 0.7%<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Economic growth for the small country of Eritrea is still driven by Canadian copper and gold mining companies. Restrictive economic policies and excessive military spending continue, instead of wide-scale development and investment needed to combat unemployment, illiteracy and poverty.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Ethiopia<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Addis Ababa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Girma Woldegiorgis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 84,734<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1,104<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 77<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,342<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 9.7%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Ethiopia’s predominantly agricultural economy – accounting for 85 percent of employment and 45 percent of GDP – still struggles with poor cultivation and frequent droughts. Its high single-digit growth is driven by state projects, including commitment to the controversial, multi-billion dollar Grand Renaissance Dam on the Nile.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Gabon<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Libreville<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Ali Ben Bongo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Raymond Ndong Sima<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 1,534<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 268<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 16,419<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.6%<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

After taking the reins of one of Africa’s most stable and prosperous countries from his father in 2009, Ben Bongo’s government continues to invest in human resources and infrastructure. The economy has grown steadily thanks to Gabon’s extensive timber, manganese and, especially, offshore oil, but huge income inequality persists.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

The Gambia<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Banjul<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Yahya Jammeh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 1,776<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 157<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 2,345<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 6.1%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Unemployment remains high for the snake-like country of The Gambia, where 75 percent of the population depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. As economic progress hinges on bilateral aid, The Gambia will need to ease donor concerns about its debt burden and fiscal management.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Ghana<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Accra<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President John Dramani Mahama<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 24,966<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 239<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 105<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 3,058<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 7%<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

After 25 years of relatively sound economic management and sustained reductions in poverty levels, Ghana is a model for political and economic reform. Major sources of foreign exchange include gold, cocoa – Ghana is the world’s second largest producer – and oil production from recently discovered offshore reserves, which should boost the economy.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Guinea<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Conakry<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Alpha Cond\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Said Fofana<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 10,222<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 246<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 42<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,334<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 2.4%<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Marred by 50 years of authoritarian rule, a recent parliamentary reshuffle marked Guinea’s first all-civilian government. But to exploit major mineral, hydropower and agricultural resources, Guinea must regain investor confidence by tackling corruption, poor infrastructure and political uncertainty.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Guinea-Bissau<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Bissau<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Rui Duarte de Barros<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 1,547<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 36<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 43<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,240<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 2.6%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Political and military upheaval wrecked Guinea-Bissau’s infrastructure and economy, which relies mainly on farming and fishing. Debt relief of $1.2 billion from the IMF, coupled with the Paris Club writing off most of the national debt, brought respite to one of the world’s poorest countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kenya<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Nairobi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Uhuru Kenyatta<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 41,610<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 593<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 70<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,916<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.6%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

An oil strike last year should rescue Kenya’s position as East Africa’s largest economy, which was threatened by low infrastructure investment. Now, with the opportunity to balance a growing trade deficit, Kenyans hope that oil profits can also help fix high unemployment, currency depreciation and corruption.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Lesotho<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Maseru<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: King Letsie III<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Thomas Motsoahae Thabane<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 2,194<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 30<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 72<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,152<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Lesotho, surrounded by and economically integrated with South Africa, is sensitive to cross-border influences. Growth – exceeding four percent per year in 2010-12 – will be aided by major infrastructure projects, but impeded by weaknesses in manufacturing and agriculture, the biggest sources of employment.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Liberia<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Monrovia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 4,129<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 111<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 37<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 650<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 2%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Civil war and government mismanagement destroyed much of Liberia’s economy, which now relies heavily on foreign aid revenue. Rebuilding the economy will rely on international donors to finance the change desperately needed to help an estimated 80 percent of the population who live in poverty.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Libya<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Tripoli<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President of the National Transitional Council Moustapha Abdel Jalil<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Ali Zeidan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 6,423<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1,760<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 7,884<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 0.7%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

A small population and oil wealth – accounting for 95 percent of export earnings – give Libya one of Africa’s highest GDPs per capita, though most citizens remain poor due to low investment in infrastructure or economy during Gaddafi’s reign. Paralysed during the uprisings, the economy will grow, driven almost exclusively by the energy sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Madagascar<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Antananarivo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President of the High Authority of Transition Andry Rajoelina<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Omer Beriziky<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 21,315<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 587<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 36<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 901<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.9%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Madagascar is the world’s fourth largest island and the leading producer of vanilla. Predominantly agricultural, the economy should grow in 2013, due to expanding mining and agricultural sectors. Elections in 2013 may be a crucial step towards resolving the current political gridlock.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Malawi<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Lilongwe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Joyce Banda<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 15,381<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 118<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 922<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 6.2%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Population growth, corruption, HIV\/AIDS and pressure on agricultural lands pose major problems for landlocked and largely agriculturally based Malawi. Agricultural produce – especially tobacco, which accounts for more than half of exports – is key to sustaining Malawi’s economic growth.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Mali<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Bamako<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Dioncouda Traor\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Cheick Modibo Diarra<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 15,840<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1,240<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 13<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,148<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.8%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Mali, among the poorest countries in the world, experienced rapid growth after the 1990s, but was slowed by the global recession and a military coup in 2012. With an economy dominated by agriculture and gold mining, Mali’s fiscal status is dependent on international commodity prices.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Mauritania<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Nouakchott<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 3,542<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1,026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 2,539<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.5%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Oil prospects have been disappointing for the desert nation of Mauritania, where half the population rely on agriculture and livestock. Economic growth was around 5 percent in 2010-12, mostly driven by rising gold, copper, oil and iron ore prices. Poverty, health and education are key state priorities.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Mauritius<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Port Louis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Anerood Jugnauth<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 1,307<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 640<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 14,689<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.2%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The island of Mauritius is one of the most successful democracies in the developing world, with a very good record of growth, experiencing about 4.5 percent from 2006 2010. The economy rests on tourism, textiles, financial services and sugar cane, grown on 90 percent of the cultivated land area.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Morocco<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Rabat<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: King Mohamed VI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelilah Benkirane<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 32,273<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 446 (Excluding Western Sahara)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 45<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 5,291<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.8%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

King Mohammed VI should be proud of his country’s open, market-oriented economy as it continues on a path of steady growth and low inflation. While Morocco has capitalised on its proximity to Europe, the EU’s economic difficulties contributed to an economic slowdown in 2012. High unemployment, poverty and illiteracy are still major challenges.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Mozambique<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Maputo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Armando Guebuza<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Dr. Alberto Vaquina<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 23,930<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 802<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 30<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,117<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 7.3%<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

In spite of macro-economic reforms, donor assistance and political stability since independence in 1975, Mozambique still depends on foreign assistance, with 54 percent of the population below the poverty line. Real growth remained strong in 2010-12 at seven percent, but over-reliance on aluminium sales – a third of exports – exposes the economy to volatile international prices.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Namibia<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Windhoek<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Hifikepunye Pohamba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Nahas Angula<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 324<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 824<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 6,700<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 5%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Dry and sparsely populated, Namibia has a high GDP for the region and yet one of the world’s most unequal income distributions. Mining dominates the economy with rich diamond and zinc deposits, some gold and plenty of uranium, but the recent discovery of large reserves of oil and gas is expected to drive the economy forward.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Niger<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Niamey<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Mohamadou Issoufou<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Brigi Rafini<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 16,069<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1,267<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 13<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 756<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.9%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Vast, landlocked and largely arid, Niger, which is on the edge of the Sahara desert, is among the world’s poorest countries, with an economy based on subsistence agriculture. Its main export is uranium and its hopes of economic relief hinge on the outcome of current exploration for oil and gold.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Nigeria<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Abuja<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Goodluck Jonathan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 162,471<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 924<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 176<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 2,471<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 7.5%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The 2007 general elections saw the first transfer of civilian-to-civilian power in Nigeria’s history. The challenge to Africa’s most populous state is to reform an economy over-reliant on petroleum – 95 percent of foreign exchange – whose benefits have often been lost, due to corruption or mismanagement.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Rwanda<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Kigali<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Paul Kagame<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Pierre Damien Habumuremyi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 10,943<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 26<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 415<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,244<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 7.7%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Rwanda has made great strides since 2003, after the genocide that decimated its fragile agricultural economy. It now has annual growth of between seven and eight percent, driven by coffee and tea exports and expanding tourism. Speculation over whether President Paul Kagame, seen by some as the nation’s saviour, might seek constitutional change to run for a third term obsesses critics and allies alike.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 & Pr\u00edncipe<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Sao Tome<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Manuel Pinto Da Costa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Gabriel Arcanjo Ferreira da Costa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 169<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 175<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,964<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 5.4%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The island economy of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe has been increasingly dependent on cocoa, which has been hit by drought and mismanagement. Welcome relief could come via a joint project to exploit large offshore oil reserves, in a 60:40 split with Nigeria.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Senegal<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Dakar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Macky Sall<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdoul Mbaye<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 12,768<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 197<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 65<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,763<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.4%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Senegal’s 1993 economic contraction was a blessing in disguise, as the resulting economic reforms produced five percent real growth during 1995-2007. Phosphate, fertiliser and fish exports remain strong, and iron ore and oil exploration projects continue. Unreliable power supply and high unemployment remain major challenges.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Seychelles<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Victoria<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President James Michel<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 87<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 455<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 192<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 28,407<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.3%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Booming tourism has seen per capita output multiply by seven since the Seychelles’ independence in 1976. But now the government is to reduce dependence on the industry that accounts for 70 percent of hard currency earnings by promoting farming, fishing, small-scale manufacturing and deregulating the finance and communication sectors.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Somalia<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Mogadishu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 9,557<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 638<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 15<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): Figures unavailable<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): Figures unavailable<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Despite lacking effective governance, Somalia has maintained a fairly healthy (informal) economy, dominated by remittances, telecommunications and agriculture – which accounts for 40 percent of GDP. Development of gas stations, supermarkets and flights to Europe reflect economic recovery, but are so far confined to Mogadishu.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Sierra Leone<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Freetown<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Ernest Bai Koroma<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 5,997<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 72<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 84<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 896<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 6.4%<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Democracy is slowly finding a footing in once war-torn Sierra Leone. Stability has led to a revival of bauxite and rutile mining, and the country is set to benefit from the recent discovery of several offshore oil reserves. But damage to physical and social infrastructure continues to hinder economic development and extreme income inequality persists.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

South Africa<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Pretoria (executive), Bloemfontein (judicial), Cape Town (legislative)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Jacob Zuma<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 50,460<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1,221<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 41<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 10,223<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.6%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

A nagging hangover from South Africa’s apartheid past includes high inequality, unemployment, poverty and poor public transportation. But macro-economic stability over the last decade has brought great rewards, with a modern infrastructure and very well-developed financial, legal, energy, communications and transport sectors.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

South Sudan<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Juba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Salva Kiir<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): Figures unavailable<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 620<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): Figures unavailable<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): Figures unavailable<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): Figures unavailable<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

South Sudan’s independence jubilation in 2011, after Africa’s longest-running civil war, was short lived. Bilateral deals with Sudan broke down over transhipment fees of oil, devastating the economy in 2012. Deriving 98 percent of its budget from oil revenues, South Sudan must reconcile its differences with Sudan if it is to grapple with problems such as poverty and poor infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Sudan<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Khartoum<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Omar al-Bashir<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 44,632<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 1,886<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 24<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 2,192<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011: 6.6%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The secession of South Sudan in 2011, accounting for 75 percent of Sudan’s oil production, forced the government to generate new sources of income and implement an austerity programme. With 80 percent of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture, the lack of infrastructure is likely to ensure that most Sudanese will remain below the poverty line for years.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Swaziland<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Lobamba (royal and legislative) Mbabane (administrative)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: King Mswati III<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 1,203<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 17<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 69<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 5,033<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 2.4%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

King Mswati III has reneged on promised political reform and greater democracy. The decline of Swaziland’s revenue, due to plummeting exports and a shrinking mining industry, has led to a fiscal crisis. With an estimated 40 percent unemployment, droughts and rampant HIV\/AIDS, Swaziland is looking to South Africa for assistance, from which it receives more than 90 percent of its imports.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Tanzania<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Dar es Salaam (traditional) Dodoma (legislative)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Jakaya Kikwete<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 46,218<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 945<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 49<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,602<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 7%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Gold production and tourism powered Tanzania’s GDP growth of six percent from 2009-12, but the economy remains one of the world’s poorest in terms of per capita income, with agriculture employing 80 percent of the workforce. Fiscal stimulus and loosened monetary policy greatly softened the impact of global recession, while banking reforms boosted private sector growth and investment.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Togo<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Lome`<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Faure Gnassingb\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Artheme Seleagodji Abomey<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 6,155<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 57<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 108<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 966<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.1%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Cocoa, coffee and cotton account for about 40 percent of Togo’s export earnings, and it is one of the world’s largest producers of phosphate. The government’s long-term drive for economic reforms has progressed slowly, but the IMF’s cancellation of 95 percent of Togo’s debt, has eased the burden.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Tunisia<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Tunis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Moncef Marzouki<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamadi Jbeli<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 10,594<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 164<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 65<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 9,594<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 4.1%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The ousting of President Ben Ali in 2011 sent Tunisia’s economy into a tailspin. But the economy bounced back, thanks to rising exports, foreign investment and tourism. Challenges include high unemployment and reducing economic disparities between the developed coastal region and impoverished interior.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Uganda<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Kampala<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Yoweri Museveni<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 34,509<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 241<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 143<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 1,665<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 6.9%<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Agriculture is Uganda’s most important sector, employing over 80 percent of the workforce, with coffee accounting for the bulk of export revenues. Lake Albert oil discoveries are likely to boost state cash inflows as a welcome addition to Uganda’s small deposits of copper, gold and other minerals.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Western Sahara<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Aauin<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Mohamed Abdelaziz<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 538<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 281<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 4.9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 2,500<\/strong><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Morocco’s 2700 km defensive sand berm continues to divide the disputed territory of Western Sahara between the roughly 80 percent western portion controlled by Morocco who seek to annex the entire territory, and the 20 percent controlled by the Polisario front who seek independence.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Zambia<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Lusaka<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Michael Sata<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 13,475<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 753<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 18<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 2,043<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 6.1%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Despite a real GDP growth from 2005-12 of more than six percent per year, Zambia continues to struggle with stubbornly high poverty rates, a high birth rate, and a high HIV\/AIDS burden. Privatisation of copper mines – and record high copper prices – plus a bumper maize crop, helped Zambia rebound quickly from the world economic slowdown.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Zimbabwe<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Capital city: Harare<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of State: President Robert Mugabe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Head of Government: Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population (thousands): 12,754<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Land area (thousands of km2): 391<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Population density (pop\/km2): 33<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 320<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): -3.3%<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

The former breadbasket of southern Africa, Zimbabwe’s economy lies in tatters after three decades of Mugabe’s rule where poverty, unemployment and political repression are the norm. Nonetheless, the economy recorded five percent growth in 2012, dollarisation has ended hyperinflation and Mugabe’s term ends, in theory, this year.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Algeria Capital city: Algiers Head of State: President Abdelaziz Bouteflika Head of Government : Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Population (thousands): 3,580 Land area (thousands of km2): 2,382 Population density (pop\/km2): 15 GDP per capita (PPP valuation in US$): 7,097 Annual real GDP growth (av. over 2003-2011): 3.7% Oil and gas are the backbone of Algeria’s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10673,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[137,148,35,9],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8852"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10673"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8852"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8854,"href":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8852\/revisions\/8854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.global-briefing.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}